                           ˿µϣ20121115գ

12.11.15, Ӣ¿ѧҡרãٶʿйġ
12.11.15, ֮ѪһݵĹ
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12.11.15, ŮӸʹξҽԺûв ս̥
12.11.15, ҽŲϲиҩ ̥޹
12.11.15, ˿201211º
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˿(www.xys.org)(xys7.dxiong.com)(xys.ebookdiy.com)(xys2.dropin.org)

Ӣ¿ѧҡרãٶʿйġ
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¿ѧҡ20121117
Jon Whiteɷ

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1998꣬ѧϰ8֮״λصй𾪵ؿй
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ǵġȫٵΣղԸȥܡҲҵ
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Fraud fighter: 'Faked research is endemic in China'
Shi-min Fang tells us how risking his life and libel writs to 
expose scientific misconduct in his native China has just won him the 
inaugural Maddox prize

17 November 2012 | NewScientist | 29

You've just won the inaugural Maddox prize,awarded for your 
continuing work exposing scientific misconduct in China despite the 
threats you face. How does that feel?

I am thrilled and honoured. There are many people who are 
supporting me and fighting with me, so I consider this award as an 
acknowledgement of all our efforts, not just mine.

What prompted you to start challenging dubious pseudoscientific 
claims in China?

In 1998, after eight years studying in the US, I returned to China 
and was shocked to see it was deluged with pseudosciences, 
superstitions and scientific misconduct.

What action did you decide to take?

I had created a Chinese website called New Threads in 1994 when I 
was a graduate student at Michigan State University as a forum for 
sharing Chinese classics and literature. From 2000, I started to 
publish articles on the site fight in scientific misconduct and fraud. 
Eventually New Threads became a flagship for those fighting 
pseudoscience, misconduct, fraud and corruption among the Chinese 
science community.

Are dubious claims a big problem in China?

The majority of cases exposed are plagiarism, the exaggeration of 
academic credentials and faked research papers, which are endemic in 
China.

Tell me about some of them.

A typical case was the nucleic acid "nutrition" scheme C 
supplements promoted to boost energy levels in the tired, pregnant and 
old. It involved more than a dozen Chinese biochemists and was the 
first that brought wide media coverage, both domestically and 
internationally. New Threads has exposed more than 1000 cases of 
scientific fraud.

Why is science fraud such a problem in China?

It is the result of interactions between totalitarianism, the lack 
of freedom of speech,press and academic research, extreme 
capitalism that tries to commercialise everything including science and 
education, traditional culture, the lack of scientific spirit, the 
culture of saving-face and so on. It's also because there is not a 
credible official channel to report, investigate and punish academic 
misconduct. The cheaters don't have to worry they will someday be 
caught and punished.

What have been the worst moments?

I have been sued more than 10 times. Because the Chinese legal 
system is very corrupt and a ruling is not always made according to 
the evidence, it is not surprising that I have lost some libel cases 
even though I did nothing wrong. In one of these, a local court at 
Wuhan ordered me to pay 40,000 yuan in compensation and transferred 
the money from my wife's account. I have also narrowly escaped from an 
attack with pepper spray and a hammer.

Has it been worth it?

Yes. I fully understand the risk I am facing and am willing to 
take it. What troubles me most is that my wife and my young daughter 
also have to endure vituperation and personal attacks.

Interview by Jon White

(XYS20121115)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys7.dxiong.com)(xys.ebookdiy.com)(xys2.dropin.org)

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Ҵ¼飬שͷȥ˼⡱Ŀǰڵȴ


Ǩʤ֧ǽ˵ڶԱҵǿ
ΪڱʾھӵķӻӰҷӰȫ󣬴Ѿֹͣ˶
ӷӵĲ΢ᵽġϷߡھӷӵ

߼ߣܵ˲ԱġƳֻҡ
ڵɳ˳ͻ˫ǩֻѺı¼¼ʾ
ֵĳǹܶԱʱǹܶԱ˽ҳڸ׵鴦
˫Ϊֻ㷢Ԫ˱
һţûˣ˫뿪

Ա΢ᵽġ߱򡱡衱й
¡߱ʾûвǨص顣յûнӵ߱
ıȷڳĳ湫˾ǰΧۣɾߡ

¼δģǲΥڵأ

С΢ϷһϢ𸴣й־
ļгƣǮδ漰õΡСݴ϶
ֵǷڻũءլأ̡Դˣ
ҫ˲⡣߼ߣĿǰûжǮأԲ漰
ŵġǮڵ׽ʼ賣ݵһߵͣ
άޱվѾԺġʡгйͨ
ڽ滮꣩

˽⵽ڲǨɱǡڽȵȶ෽ؿǣ
ȡЭչķʽôȡɲס÷
жԹ滮渽ҫܣʤ壴ĿǰѾ
УЭ鲢ʵֻʣ±˷ͱԪңûжԷݽ
֮ڹҫ˵Ƕ¡ߡǡδ
ϰЭͬľԲ˽⣬ĿǰЭչǰա
طݲǨͰð취֪ͨڣţҪ
ִеġ

ŵʦʦΪطڹ֮ǰ
̸н⣬ƽȵЭ̣ɺĻϣ
һԵġΥϰյԸǿйݣǾ
Υ˴ı⣬޷Чìܡ

߱ʾ֮䲻ǲǨ⣬˽
ǵķӡСԼ˵ӻĿľΪ׬Ǯδ
ҵͬǲֻܲάҵļͥӦõõ档Сʾ
΢ᵽԱΪǵصĸĸ٣Э̶ԻĶ


գйظѾСι̸ͨС
˷͸¶ĿǰҪŮŮ̸Ըϣ
һڼۡʾ˫δκЭ飬ϸڲ͸¶
ڱ˷̸ݹҪ̫ߣ϶᲻
ϣҪִ

ϲСʾͨԱذѷӿãֱ
Э顣йظʾʱ޷Э飬ؿܿ
ϼʾ滮ƿ˷ķӡ

Ķ΢ʱӦԳ֣

ڲɷУһЩרѧΪС΢ֱǿ¼
ЧӦӦ˼⣺һΪ΢ý塱ʹߣ
˵ıǷӦöһЩѰʵ׵ԣΪطţڴ
עشʱΰִͷ֮ƽ⣿

Եһ⣬ʡίУڷΪתʱڵйǡꡰ΢
ʱڶԡǨע࣬˵ķͨ
΢ȡý塱й۷еµĶԵʵ
ϸںȫ;ƶʵ΢۵ѭ

Ҫʵִ뷽µƽ⣬ŵʦʦΪ
İ취ΪԷΪ׼Դ˴¼漰ЭչΪ
ڹ֮ǰ̸н⣬ƽ
ȵЭ̣ɺĻϣǾһԵġΥ
յԸǿйݣǾΥ˴ı⣬޷
Чìܡ


ţסססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

һת͵ʾ

ʶ֡

ǧٶǰһǿҵ磬һڸصСӷ
еĸߣ¢϶ͬ˵Ժ˭ˣǮƵʱ
һҪ˽һЩˡꤶ۲ͬΪ
̫ɹú䤱ֶøɲСӵĴ󻰺ǲΪ
ȻЦ˵ҲԼ㲻һ˴ֵصСӣ
ԼĶӶ˵ǮأϽԼĻİմ
ΰɣλ־ԶͬʱҲһĲСӳ̾һȸ֪֮
־գ

һξͺܶȥˣһ಻ϵڴѵ۹һС֧ʽ
ǰĲ赲˺ܾáǸ־ԶСӲûбǮƣ
ֻڵ۹ķʽﵱһССͳڵ۹Ӵ
»Сͳһź۵Щ˿һ
С֧ӶΪоʱ䣬ڵĴ۹ķ
ϿơʧڽնûκͨڵءһСС˿
ڵһС鹹嶼Ҫ۹ظˡ

ĳ־ҲڣҲҪĥɾˣ˵
ʱܱв֪λѾĳʤǸǿ
绹Ϊݾ־˳ʤҪһ
صΣתˡ

˳ʤҲ۹˿ҪӴĵ۹Ӹ
ڹȥҲ۵˵˶µһڹȥļ
սһֱ޼᲻ݡս޲ʤıԼбͭ
ȷһԶ־ףҪʵȴѺѡôΨһǡ
𣿾ƾһССͳһûκαʵˣƾû
ûװ׶ƣ⼸ٺˣ

ǵģʤҲԼ𣿳ʤĺ˺þҲò
⡣ʤѡһܻĽĽ֮䣺ڱϾֻ
Լһ˵Դ췴ץסҪġҪǣûԸ
ųʤһҪԴҵûһͨ
ȥĲܸ߳ıԸĹǶûɵ񡪡
۹

ΪøǡսѣһǳпɲԵĽ飺ð
ӷպĶ飬ֻĺٲһ°ڵ۹ͳ
Ĵ˶ŽԵ۹ϣ˲ᷴԹӷճͻƵ
һͳεĺϷԣֻҪǷӵ˶޳ڻʵ۱ϵ
ĹӷնǸֲ̺ܶɱĺ۹
ȻҲ⿴ǰĿؽ֣һʧ˵սٴһ
ΡȻϸĻ˼ʹûǰжԵļ
ţߵһķĿ΢΢ڵ۹ڶǿȵ
ͳ£ǵѾܾˣû˻Ե˼ʲô
һµıˡκһশʯƽĺ
һԶŴ

ʤ˳룬Ϊ˱ջȥռ󴫡
˵Ծɣɺβûаյһ£ƺҲܶһ
գһİοĽǺ塢֪Ƶģ
ǲ㵹ˣһ͸ӵغͿֵǣʤĵƫƫ
ռ˽ˡһģɵĻشλʷټĸó
ʿȷ϶ָʤ˵תͼƻܹɹ
һ֮Ľֵǳʤûаλʿս
쵼ģͬ֯쵼һΰ췴

ʤ㶼Ǵˣһ͸λʿǼٽ
ٴڡֻּǷ޷޷ģҲֻּһ
ʵֵģմɵĹҲװŪǷ²
ֶΡİ£ʤŵϷԵ
ڶõɰдšʤĲ飬ͻȻ˸˸
Ĺ𣬶һкڽкˣʤʤ֮ʷϵĻƽ
̡̫ƽװϷ

ʷоûһɹ˼Ҫһ
滹ǼٵġԷĻ콵ľھϣ
ǡǡܷĶ漣ʤûȨƵûнǮĽ
޴ǿĵ۹װǺʤĳʤΪԼҲΪ¾
ֵǴһ漣Լӵľˡһ˵ת;Ȼ
һܹƷ۹ľòֵġ

ͺɱ˴ߵĽξȡ˾Ű
Ķ쵼ȨȻڴ緢ƪǧŵݽ꣬
ʧڣʧڵնն߹ʮߡ׳ʿѣٴ
ֺ

λ̺ܼܶ࣬ʮ֣ǼʹǧԺȻ
˴ĵ˴־˻ǿҵĽȡ
ʤȵŰ˲ͽˡʧڵնȻ
һܴıࡣ

յ۹ȥ˵ʦͿʼʵ˼۹һ
ι̶ֵȼɭϵһͳȶĹ̬۹ʵ۾
ԶǻʵۣԶǹʵۺ͹ϲͳλܶ
ķɰѱɢũ֯۹ķٶ֣ӽ
ھѵһֱɱͷͷڵ۹ͳ£λԽͣ
ζܵԼԽܵȨԽС۹Ϊ˻ʵ۶ڵġ
۹ʳ²㶼ǹʵ۵Ϻסʼû뵽ǣ
βɴݵĵ۹ȻǴӵײݻٵģһͨòͨС
յµġ

Ӧ˵û͵۹ϲƽƽƽȲҰļΪ
ıȡߵλ͸һšϰմûƽȡϰ
ӦùñԼãԼӦñͳΣһ
žŲðɱͷΣȥ췴ֻϣڸ߹
ůɫȮ֮࣬Լһ·һڷԡǵ
ղԲʱضҪ׼Ϊ˵۹ûû˵ҵһ
еʱ򣬳ʤˣϰգ£ҲҪѻʵ
Ҳġ

ǴĴ꣬ʤҲڵ۹ıһСС
ЩҲżǸǿҵ磬Լĺ׳е
ЦЦһЦ֮ڵ۹ʳϳ˻߱ԡʤʵǵ۹Լ
͵ĵˣ۹ԼıŰͳγɾһᱻʷû˵룬
۹Լ˾ĹˡܳʤԷʵ۲¾ͱɱˣһӴ
۹ĵѾɱ⡣۹ڷ˺ܴľ˳ʤ췴֣֮
ģҲŸոտһͷܿأ۹ֻʣֿе
ﳤǣ۹ȴԶػˡ

ܽ۹Ļ𣺡岻ʩ֮ҲҲ
ҲǴ˵ת͵ĹֻҪ֪һ͹ˣһ
ҿԴǲҪСȥ


ˮеӳ

 ơ

д¥µӻ꣬һΣÿ춼
Ǹʮ̸֡۵ĶΪνףҳ̣ɧҲл
ЦۣҲȰ渶˵·Ա
ݵĸ𱰣޲մһ˿̻ļߣвͺȣ
˵Ҳڡ̸УһЩԹŽ˳һЩ˵
οΣν֮ΪѹµĻش

˵ʵѹܾţ̫ķգǲ
Щƣͼпܽ׷ݱΪ޷ѵᡣһЩ±㷳꣬
ۼ벻ħĥþ㱣ϲ·Ʃλ
Ϊ硱Ź٣Ϊǧǧᡱҵ
ʢʱڣȻ˽ԼŻ

ʱǺܴģǿܴ͹ǿձɱ
Ӹ߲£㲻˵ͳͳʧ°ɣ
񾭣ûжһЩԵѺȺȲ裬һѵõ밲
ܲ˵Ҫ˵ܶ༸
赼վĵġشܹ𵽡ѹľ޴á

ڴˣϷҵ֣µἰһ衣迴롰ش
ţ༰Ȼӻֻǣһ飬Ͳζڱ˴
⹦Чô˵ڴ˴˴ŵϵУ
ȷǷǹȺãһ̫ĸԵĻ
˽ⷦĴ·ʹ˻ۡʹ˷ŵӼͬʱʹ
˳˼ʹ˳ȵ衣룬Ѱյġش޴̸
Ȼ뷳ƿǹʣֱӻӵҪԣɼһ
ߡ

ˮ࣬Ҳ˵ľòƺȲߣ̬ͨ
ۺͽ̸

ȻŽƲݹõġش˵ĲҶҪϳ˼
ƷʮԪһĴ·ڣϰսĲǲкʵʵݳޡ
ʱɼĺ٩ĸ·ݸкò裬ǵЯһ㵽ڣ
˹

Ҷвɻȱհ֮Ҳһղ޴
ɼ˹֮ѰֲѰ

նġ̸Ц䣬ֻҷ𡱷֮ں
ʮ־Թ¾ն۵Ĵ£Ҳ൱塣£
СӢˣĥļ䡣̸Ц䡱롰նۡ
ͬĳһһоƵ̵Сʱ룬
ƳǿҲʧҲֱһƳɮǬġۻʫҺȻ
Ǹīߵġ衱һʣͶ˼ơʫ
ƣ

쳾æƻ𣬵
ͯʣǰɮ

и¡Ǭ뼺Ƴɮˣ뼺ʱǬǰ
ȥݻᡣ˵ʦĶǻʫˣһ׾Ϊݡ
Ǭǿռ˾Ϊȯ뼺˴ʫϲÿ춼ǬΪ
ҹ뼺ʫʸ踳ʮ˵ãĿȾ֮£ССҲøӹ
ţҪǸʲӣǬҲ¶ʫв
Сۣ֮áͯӡȡƷζһӷȤ
ࡣ

֮裬Ƿ̿עصнͬʱ
ֽˮʣý䣸ɽȪˮΪһȪ֮Ȥ
ǽʲôˮԿݲ裬һӰܻ˲Ȼ崿֮Ʒԡ˵
ĻöԲЩһ̣ò裬Ʒԣ
˵ҲԵĺö

Ȼ˵ʱ˷ŵȣղҲ֣֮
̫档ũֻһͦʵ⣺ָ
ѽײ㣬˳ߣϲײڣȵ裬Ʒó
ˣԴϲˮеӳ񣬲Ǹܳһô

ˣȻǰΪľһ֮
֮硣ǶƷչʾ㡢ͦĴ֮Ƴų
£ι֮ӵдߣʧ֮ҲԹ
ݽʱзʽ֮Ʒԣϵεģ
ʧ֮

ݲ裬һ֮Ȥ졣˵ǸνƷζ
áˮڣΪ˽ڿ֮βǾ
Ʒ㡣ֻ֮˿ڸܴ֮ݹ˼Ȥ
ٻ˴Ĵݣһָͷ£ָʱԣ־
гͥŲƷдˮ׼˵һ࣬
Ტ۵ĳǡ۵ȥʿһ飬
ǹġ۵ǲǡе˲顱
˵ʵУǳ˶ǵ΢⣬
϶ǰӻǿõġ۵ˡ


ֹ



ֹһֱͱΪһƷеĸ߱
Ƴ硢š˼άԴսġ
»ߡΪʱһԶһ˵ĽҪĶҪ
ȥͼءʥĹ޹İڡҵ
ϡǬͷᡱڶ־ʿٹ
ȡʱµһԱʷĲʽ

ս˵ʷϡ˵ľȻ
ܣսضʱ̡ض龳ȡĳЩ˵ľٴǷӦ
ںƽʱڲȡشУսŴĳЩ˼άǷ
ӦΪ˵˼άģʽ

ƩԸص⣬Ǿһ˼ıҪڷĳ
ЩҶйȨ״ָʱΪĲʱǡѾʮ
й˵⡱ȨȻȨĵһҪ壬⡰Ȩ
ڽһ˵±⣨ȻѾʮֲףǸӦע
⡰桱Ʒλÿһֵܽ¸һ
ӦκӦʱ¹ڻƽҽƱƵĸĸ
Ϊ˴ϱ֤ÿϡһ
ҲͬӦΪһȫµļֵǵļֵϵ֮С׷
ηȫʶĹҪϵľ޴Ͷ֮¡

ԣиƽĿõӽ鷢
ʵ̫ˡҲ̸ԷؤȺ彡
ΣĮӣǵġᾫӢĽǵǳһ
ʲô̬ȣǵǱʶ롰桱ҵ
δȵȳĸ䱳һΪǿʵ壩Ƚϣ
ЩᾫӢĽҲصġ

ǿ㷭κһӢۡģǸóƵϡᾫӢ˰ɣ
Ƚ¼࣬ʮӢģ˸ҪӢͳɼӢ
ţһԺȫݡΪǵ
ǵֻǽ۹ⶢЩҵ
ˣҰ˼ġӢģߣѧϰЧĿģҲ
ҲûжԱΪҵ۹⣬
ֲ˸˰ΣľٶΪ͵İɣ

˹ְڽϵͳӦ˵ҹİȫϵҪשҤú
߳࣬ÿ궼ܴýϿҵٵͬڽ̨
ǰڰ칫Իε°·ϵšǰûһλո
첻ŮУ֢ϢյУ԰ϢȻ·֮
ų¡صıʽиƺŵ׷ϣѧ
ϰĳĳͬ־ȳܻһʻܻһԲļͥ
Щıһ˵ҪͥʧȥһҪԱʧȥһ
λʦʧȥһϼܿΡ¼¹
ȵأӶطҪľǡѧϰǷ
˼

ֹЩǿҵҵĵʹɷҲвƶ
ơһЩطĽžĹ涨Ա򹫳ѧϰ
¼١ٶҪԼ˴࣬۷𡢽һʱ޻Ҫ۷ʡ
ԲٽʦСܿͿסҲǳմټϰࡣ
ҵһλѧͬѧĽܡ˼ҡڡʱƺ
ǵĳЩ͡һЩ黳

ҵλͬѧ격ʿ˼Ҹ߿ƼҵҵҵÿλԱ
˵ÿܵȵĴн١ٺܼ򵥣֮
ڵģֻҪ绰˾˵򲡲ϰˣĶȫ
ûбҪ˵ϵģҪҽĲٵٵҲд
Ϊȫڸ˽κ˲ܹʣҽҲ
͸¶Ĳ顣أҪʱָģһĲ٣
ٲãһĲ١ڼĹʽǷĲ
ġҹȥ꿪ʼˡнݼ١ƶȣڡн١һǷҲ
Ӧ조ʽӹ족ֳļֵҪԶʵü
ֵġ

۴һǶȿСֹһĹ
ӣ

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ƬƶסŴ¸ڹˡڼǧش򹤣ӱ
裬ֵš

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˺ܾãûؼҡ佹ӣô

˵һ꣬ѧؼҡҿʼȥ
ˡ

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Щ塣

Ҳı˵ܣһСӣô
أ

㲻ȥı·԰塣

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ǴˣôС壿

ͷӴ˵ûǸһ

ãܻڣ

佫ı˵ˣؼҳԷ

ԹȤ˼̡ǱߵĽ
˹ʱҲ¼̣µõġ̣
̡ûϣҪ£ӿ϶Ƕ֡

ĳԣӡһԶ˵
ģеҵ¡ΪӰѧϰҿҪ
㣬ԶҲ׼塣

ͷ

Ժ󣬶Ӷ꼶ʱ򣬱ͻȻӵӵĵ绰
ڵ绰пŶ˵ѾʧٿһˣѰҡ

ɿظ˻ĴѰңҵõ޵Ƶġ

һ죬һСϰ˵һһ
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2

Сϰ˵ȥϲݿһ£ۼȫ
ˣ˵ȥˡ

߽ݵʱ򣬿һȺˣΧһ忴ˣһ
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ˣ˼Сµÿô

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˵ǹƻһʲô˼˰̶ˡȻ󣬴
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ţֵ

֪²Ĺ¡ǧ
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ܴΪ壬һֲʮܻһٲ

һǮС˵ԭ㾹Ȼ
ˣ

Сͷһŵûɢְֱ䣬ʣʱ
ģ

ʣ˭ĵӣôˣôСҲ
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ش𣺡ǱųѴʦݡΪʲôųأԭ
Сʱǳԣڼũʱû壬һѾʮԲӣ
壬ųѴʦɴ˶

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ģ

šߣһˡ

̫ˡʼʱκ˶²ģ
Ҳ˵ֻҪҰһţͽ塣֪
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ԺҾ˯С壬Ӯ˲Ǯ
һˡһ㣬ĵģ˵
ԸȷǸĺӣҲ
塣

Ϊʲôҵ˵һ¡

ų˵Ȼְ֣ϣͬ⣬Ϊͽ

Ϊʲô˽ųѣԲ⡣

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Ϊʲôǣ

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ʦǳѵġҲǸʵȴûлõƺšҵ
ԣͨź



ΪͽͨŬΪȫ
ھȫھͿԽʦǳѣΪȫֻ
һ

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ʣΪʲôҪѧһ߶飬һѧ壬ѵԳΪ
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ΪʦΧΪְҵεʸûκһһ
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ӣѧѡѧֻ꣬Ѿˡ

ܱ֤ѧ󣬾ͿԳΪʦ

ܣ

ǻؼҶ顣һűߡ

ųһסǣ˵Ұѻ˵꣬ٿǡӶ
ȤǼġȤõʦѧҳӲѧ
壬ȻǴʦӡгȤˣƫţƫֻͨ
ϸѧѧϰѵܳΪšˣ㺢ԶҲܳ
Ϊˡ

ͣ巽ǳǱ

ųѣǵȻʮҷֵΨһдʦǱʵĺӣ
Ҷôġһ˵㡣

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壬ȥ飬ԺֻǸͨĴѧһͨĴ
СѧпܳΪмʮ֮ڵΨһʦ
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һ൱𾪡˭ϣԼĺӸ㣿Ա˵
Ըѧ𣿡

ǳԸ⣡Ҫ뿪ﶼ᲻ҵȤ

Ǻãͷʦѧաô꣬ǻ۵
ڵײᣬԱ䵱ն˾

4

Ժһ죬ųѶԴ򹤻ʦͽı˵
̱ˣҪطȥѧ塣

ʣΪʲô

ųѸѾ˱̵ܽһУ̫ǿˡڣ
ݵκγˣ²СҪСǮΪʦ
Ҳò±ˡμӱĳɼ̫ãÿȻʡ
ǰҲùʡĹھμ˼ȫԵ
ڶʮԺ󣬲ԶҪطȥѧˡ

ʣȥѧ壿

ųѣʡȥ塣Իڶࡣ
һ壬Խʡǵĳ˶Ӯʵɴﵽȫ
ھˮƽˡ

иҲ˵ǱˮƽǺܸˡǣ
Ҫȥʡ彭ɱǸѡ룬ˣûлͷ
ҲҪһء˹Щ겻Ļ뱫
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ƻʡһԡһͨСֵ
䷿ӣ൱ƫƧΪ˱ˡȻÿĹñȥ
壬仹ƶ൱ϸƻʡǰ˼
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ܡãԴѣ൱Լڶһ

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ʤʤҪñԼܽᣬԼ˼
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٣Ϊµþʣ³ĺʱʤˣҲ
ΪʤǱȻ̫żȻûо׵һ
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ͺ8㣬ţһ϶顣Ե飬
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ԡʮơȣѧ׼ʫδʣѧ׼ˡ߼ѧ
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ʮΣٸߵĸɽϸСѻġһЩ·
ӾͻһЩ˼·ҲͻһЩԴ壬δ
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һ˵ֵһģһʱ䣬ǿŹ
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йɵ˴꣬ǳ٣罫ͨ
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Ϊνأ˼ʡʮе߸ݣ
أο֪ʦų˵һֱĿ
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һСϣÿ൱һһĹǮܷ

ԾԾԡЩҧҧͬˡ

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׺Ҳ˵Աָָ̣̰ɡ

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ܴŬǰ;Ҳеġ

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ǿͷնȵĶԾ֡Դ½ʡҵǿһų
ͷնˣҸͷնռλѾꡣ

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ڼ⵶ϣ·ѪܵģôԶô߻ȥǲǸѪ
ܣԽѣԽҪȥ˵ɹ߸ϡ٣ӹ٣

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һĴɽһӿ޷Խˣ

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ˡȻʡ

׺˵ԶסҪȣֻҪ߶ȣ

6

ͱֻصȵ㣬ܽƶܽϪߡ

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ģȴǧɱսر븫ͷնµһ
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ʱҸ¼ףϿںӱߵĲݵϲͣǻ
дʣҪȣֻҪ߶ȣҪȣֻҪ߶ȡʡÿ
壬븸ɢһСʱķ˼ϰߣʱʱ䷴˼Щѧ֮·
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ųȻˣȴ˵÷ԼóǮڵĸ֣㱫ú
سһ١ţԼӣһܳΪʦ

صʡǣ븫ͷնһµ壬23ʤ26͵
սȸ߹սƣʡʧˡ

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ϪǳͨСһ۵ļ֮·
ܽеĽ

ĸױ䣬ʦĵڶ죬̤ϵصĴ
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λع硣ɨ棬ɳ𡣻ɳ˿ߣޣ֯Ļ
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һѻҽɢȥһų̡

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·̨ˮǰϴˮʶ
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۾йءˮƺƴ󣬱̲ꡣ

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飬件̶ԶԶлŮͷˮɽԡף
ˮҰڡұ۾һһƷˮˮ壬
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ġȷ˵еˮŮˡ

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Ļҹճ־̫̫ϣȻ
䣬ĮҳһսĴӡҵľͰ߽ɳҲһˮ
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ÿһʱ䣬ǿǼÿӰ档ǲϴϴֲ
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ָҡָѧӳ֮أӴ˿Դڴںˮ
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ɳҹȰ룻Ů˱һһһһɺԣȻ
ǵȥǵǷǳݣȥʱһ
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ܴ󣬹ǽںܴ֣ͷų죬ֵܴĺڱ裬һɫȹۡ
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׿һֻ̣һһƬһˮݡ
ҵĸסոϴɳҡҶСԶȸӢ
ᡪԥܾ˸ףңӵ뻳ҸеůϢ
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硣һõĻᱻߣǵʱɰֽĥʹ
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ףȻ׼˵ǡ˵ĸʵȥӳȥÿ
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ĸף㳹սǿְֵ

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ڹûϴ飬ϴǲڵģֻһ˵һԸһ
ͼڣһҲǹΨһһϴˮ貢ҿһһϴˮ
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Ҵľѡ뿪Ժһμ磬μԼɳ
һ㱻ɢƮõǡһ߽ԡҿԡĵשһ
㱡Ļɳûз磬ɳأתƮƣ뿪桭Ҳ֪
ҵ壬ҿµΡ

ڶҼҼҼ󽭣Ҽ
죬ҼҺڷòۡһЦһ
ķ۴˲°ͱ϶ͷһ޿ɾҩذΪ
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ǵİ֮һ˳ΪһֱҺ֮Ʈҡ
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Ůԡ˵һ۰һһһΪϡĻ
Զԣ˼ͥòΪֹȵȣֶԶ֮
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ԼȥԡҴҹĵӡʺ״ܹ
͵ԴͿҵĵӣЦˣţţתվ
¶ףšҳȥһȭҹһȭҹ
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棬ˮһҳϴǶ죬ˮıһ¹ҵĹ
ͷҶţ鴤ţԴҵһθܵˮ
ʹ࣬ʹɿȣֺҴһȻڲԺ漣
ռвӵʱҺͬģʱȻûȡȻĳ
һҹޱҴ򿪣һõĴʣɽˮ

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Сˮϵõ˽˿ܵˮȷˮģ
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岨һ֮ˮϸ֮ˮ֮ˮޱ֮ˮͷ
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һǸѿҹŮȡҵͯ꣬ȴͬʹధ
ˡ

ѡңɷǳ򵥣н񱡣֪ÿϴ裬֪
ǽڿӷֿϴ˵ָ׸ɾͷ˳峺
£˵ҵɢһõ廨ζ˵Ůˣ˵Ů
˵ĸɸɾ¶¶಻ţʿ˼ҡ˵
˧ݡѡңϸھˡ

͡ҵõһǣҲ峺ȥ
ͺȾƣͷһƬӡɫ죬죬ֻֽǰ
ȴͣضͣضһйļ¼ƬҼĻ
Į̣գӥ棬գ׹ǣɺԵĺӵɵĸߣ
ʯͷɹɱƬܣתͲʧȥ֫ĳߺ͹ϵ
¡˵ȥȵɣͲ˵˵ȥȵôŤͷң˵̫
ˡôЦӱҵļ䣬Ҳ͡ҵĹ磬
ģá

ǽһֻռеøɾÿ˹һƿ׾ơǿرйĻ⣬
Ƕ㲻ȥ˵֪ΪʲôѡΪн񱡣ÿϴ
ˢϴ¿ÿҪǣҳ˴⣬
ܾҽǡ˵ˢˢ˵ˢˣÿζˢ˵öˢ
顣˵ˢ˺ܶ飬Ȼϡҡͷţ˵˴⡣
һָϰҪƿ׾ƣ˵ȻֲΪ⣬б
顣ʲô飬ЦЦ˵ʵʵ顭˰ɣ

֪˵ġʵʵ顱ָҵȥҺУ
ȴȥԶѶͻȻ绰ң˵ڡ¥Ƶꡱ
ңȥȾơҴһɫ룬ͷܶࣻ
ͷڷɤִָߣĹǽƺڱƺڱ
ӣһѿԶι״Ϊҵһˮ
ͭӡ֪ʲô˵֪˵üġ
˵û˵ĹӦġ˵ûУҴûм
ûЩʧͻȻõ䡣գܹ
͸

ļ

նˮġ

һֱڴĮﱼϮ˵ϲָоһˣȻ
ߡ˵Į̫óɺܶɫٺ죬ϣƣ̣
סڣ˵Įĺ¥ۼ𺳵ȥ˵
ЩȥȻÿһʱȻȻҲһλߣҲ
һλ꣬һλһλũһλգһλβߣһλ棬
һλǿɳӡȲҲ䣬Χһ
޼ʵɳӣɳӣɳӡ

˵µĴĮ

ǵģµĴĮջ󡭡

ȻҵĹ硣ҵĹԶӰٱһ
ʮһ£ڷɳ֮СҺ͸ͺˣŴ
ƲˡǱڵصµ󣬴ݶ򶴶Ȼһ
ʱɳпٳǵݡҳھĹĸоҵķĹҺ
׵ķĹķĹķĹǽĹãסȥȻĵ
ٴϯķɳԼᡣһסݽǣ
סʧȥһǵ̨˵л񡪡Ҽģ

ھжӣˮݷӯӡ˵Į䣬
ûůǰѽյٽΪʹĮΨһϵ
죬Įβ߾ͻΪҶ赸Ц֪
ˣˡڿʼȥȻֹ֮ǰÿ춼ȥ
Į˱Ȼÿ춼ȥԶҵĸףҵĸס

ҵĸףɳ֮ϡƨɱӳΣת˲ɡ
ҵһƬּ𵽵ҶȻ󽫸ɳһĸ
ޣۺɫʹؽɰĥɰɫķ۳ʮԺ
龰һݣֻ̱ĸףױҡɳӤ
ջմһ͸ͿʣһʽΪҪ

Ҿʽһ㶼ͿʡҺȹеˮȹ⸽
еˮȻɿ̡ҹһᷢҵ촽𤵽һ
𤵽һ𣬷ҳ𤵽һ𣬳𤵽һȻҼҵķ̵ɳӣ
̵ɳӣ̵ɳӣһֻȥľ
һ档Ȼҵ١ࡢ͹˴˻
ҵĺһϷȥţҵҲȥ
ϥȥҵϥҲȥȻҷҵ۾ǰҵĶ
ϥǣҵĳθףҵΪĴִһ̯ں
ı顪ұûҿֲͬȻڻɿЩ龰Щ
ξЩʵЩʵξЩξʵЩξ
ξЩʵʵ֮ұڻͷΣһ
ǿ˳

ӳȻʡˮȻʡҪȻʡˮ
Ҿȣ׿ˮˮȪˮմˮˮˮŻˮ
ˮ̫ˮȲ裬ȣ֣ѩ̣֭ơƣѾƣƣ׾ƣ
׾ơˮͣ״ף״ףˮˮҺϴˮ
ˢˮϴˮϴˮˮͰˮⲻܴ
ҶˮĻ߽ڼǡǡ෴ˮұ˭˷ѡ⵱Ȼÿ
ϴ裬Ҿֻȵһһڵƿװˮӵ
һˮһСҶˮ˷ѣ˷ָ

ϲˮΣִżȻĹ羡ʵȴ
ëȻϣޱʵĹһͬޱʵСӻ
һͬޱʵСꡣʼҲһͷһ㣬
ˮΡરડ䣬ɵڴȻ˯ðȡҽͷø
ˮαˮˡ˯ø㡣ڣҺ
ͷһš󣬲ٲĺΡҷҶ
ˮĳЩѪѹҩԽԽҲܹ뿪
ˮָΣȻ磬Ȼˮżˮ
磬ȴһҺ͸ڱһֲԻƵ̫ű˴
ͼɫָԶÿһҶʧߣÿһΣ
ͼϿӣῴԶһλģŮˡŮű֣
û٣ûб飬ͷϣһٺɫĻ档Ҵﾪѣˮ
ˮߵˮ㽿Ử

ˮˮˮˮⲢֵ֣ǣˮ
ʪͬˮȳԡһԡףˮ
ˣˮ֣վǰһڵˮֱǹˮ
Ὣϴϴ媣һˮϴ·һ߶
֮ˮӧ֮ˮ㡱ϣˮƣ
ˮˮƣˮ飬һһѣδʢĺɻĿͻ
ȻҰѼɻС㡣ҹͻȻ˵ˮ
ʱɣˮʱֱɣ˹ȻһͷԵһ
˯ȥСϴһҿˮᵴˮȦɢЦˡ
ˮˮɵˮ벻ˮˮ

һԵĴܿӦµĻ˶ˮļ
ҵķɫǻʱǻϸۣõȥϴ̶
Ǳʪϴ̣ѪʵѪҺǺҿȸɿ
ĸڻߴĮҵϾκα顣Ҵδйص
ͷҼȲɵΣ½硣ʱ򣬵Ҵ
վǰź¡¡ˮŵƻɺĳУҾͻῪʼ˼룬
˯ȫޡкܴ󣬺ܴĳΧźҵннǱű
енĳенΧűĸĳСУннУ
н£···أ꣬ɽ󽭣н
УнУн£···ƽԭɽϿȣ
꣬Ͽȣɭ֣ɽƽԭԭĮڡͣ
죬ͣ죬ܿҵĹ磬ܴҵĹ硣
һֽˣԶȻۣǱغϡ

Զغϡǰ׵ģбǺڵġǺڵģ
ǰ׵ģҷظڣбӤҡӤңбҷظڣ
ǾģбǳġǳģбǾģǴ
ģбõġõģбǴڵġǳеĵƬ
߳ǹĵƬͬģͬıʣȴһ
ͬǵĲͬˮˮѡһȥһȥѡ֮
֮㲻һϢˮǻΪಹ

ˮȽţ˼룬СˮǸߣߣߣߡ
ˮܵϵۣӦ顣

ˮ

Ҳ硣סҲף޸ף
һ븸ӦѾϣѾȥͨ
ȥ;СȥǰӦÿһģס
ģȻѸٽӦȱˮӦϴһ裬
ȥȥ֮ǰӦΪһһĸ׺ձŮ
ٱƯٱĹһˮˮˮˮӯӯˮˮϷ
ϴøɸɾĸϴøɸɾĹཻϣҽΪ֧һ
ĵСѡϣ׵Ȼܹƣҵزϣ
ĹܹȵΪʪһηһΡװಢҳªǸ
״δ̤СϴˮԺĸ׽ոմӲӼĴ
һྻ

Ҷ˵뿴ףµ绰۾иף˵Ȼ˭
иס˵δ˵˵˵û⡣˵û˵˵
˵û⣬߼װû⡣ҴͷҺ·˯
һ޴ٲԱߡ

ʹĵ绰˵ڱĮ;С˵ůû
м䡣Ҷ˵øлѡ޸ͣڣ㽫֮¡
ɳ֮Сӵң˵㸸Ҫ˵ڹ̵ɳ֮ϣ
ؿ˿һһߡҵĶ̨˵
˵̫ڿһˮúܱͬһŹƤ
һܰ㴵졣ſңתȥһֹḧҵ
šɣ˵ǵ棬ϴһ衣

ҽ绰򵽾ٹĵط˵׵֣ϣ
ܹҡһν绰ȥѾķ
Ҳ֪ķǸ׵ĴϢߴϢӵŸѶ
ķԣֻ֣ȥ

׼ҵΪʱղࣻڳףΪ
ѾܽԼŲλҸʮƿȪˮΪĸڸɺԣ
ֻ׺ȵƿΪֹĿԼԼҽױ
⳵ΪЪϢĸȻûվҽͽҽԺΪҺ͸
׶оƺ޽ҪΪҽ˵Ҳϣ
øסĵ˲ΪɢĹЩո
ѹĲһȥ

Ҷ˵ҽ˸ס˵֪ô֪˵Ҵ
һɶ˵׺̨ܻܿϣԣϴһ衣
˵ϴɣõϴԡǡ˵ڼϴһ衣˵ǿ
ȥ䡣˵Ҿڼϴһ衣˵Ҿһԡף
˵һ׷ӡ˵Ҹס˵н񱡣˵
ҲˣҾǸֳļͲٳġͶסң
´ˡͻȻԡվ˦ʪ֣ܵ˵ڴĮ
Եû߽ĴĮҲո뿪ĴĮ˭֪

ôģ

۾ҧģЫģģ϶ġԡ壬
鵭Ȼ̫ɹģɰģģģģġ˭
֪

ױǰüÿһȥҶˮ
³ѡ·Ůʥ߹ΪΪѣ
ɫεƯǸɫˮεƯ˺
һǮȻһٺɫ̫ɡŤˮ߰ԸȻ֫¥
ң֮ڣˣվ¥³Һ˵һ
ѷɵŮʬŮʬձǽںܴ֣Ѻܴңܱܲ
ʲô

Ҵ򿪼еͷںˮ¡վ߽ԡң
һԡˮ΢΢ɬů峺û
һ

ұ׻ҪΪϴ衣õԡ¶ϴҺҽԡ׳
ϴ顣ЦŶԸ˵ϴ衣ЦŶ˵СЦ˵ˮ衣
Ц˵áˢϴԡ׵ʱһֱڵשϣȫÿһؽȫ
繴Ҹԡעˮѹ·Ȼᱧ𡣻
׾һκɣƮƮҽ׷Žԡףƴ
۾ﾪ֡˵££͵ˮɰӡḧ׵ļ
ͼ÷ɡɫĸ׺Ͱɫԡ׹һعȵĺڰƬ
ͻԱԡ︸׵ȻؽȻԵú
СܱԡԵúܴܶׯһʼΪʺŰĸײ
塣ŸҲ񵱳һŬջ¶԰׻߰
ıɫȻûСȥǺڵģǺڵġ
Ӹ߻ɰӡѡĩʯꡢۡë̻ҡƤ
м㡢ꡢǡëϵʬ塭ҵֵ
֪̹ʹࡣҷһˮһˮ׵壬Ȼ
ڡ

ҵϸ׵ǣͬϵȥ֦
ϸ׵ţͬ麸СϵεĽ̿ҵ
ϸ׵СС֧ͬĴֲڵ߹ޣҵϸ
׵ȣͬڽϵսľͷ߸ˣҵϸ׵
ţűƽ漣ȥĶĵã
ҵϸ׵Ķ꣬Ķ͹ͬһ¹غ裻ҵ
ϸ׵غ裬غɱиƺֻʣĺɫƤ
ҲͬɫΪһ壻ҵϸ׵Сƣ
ۻ࣬ȴ뽫ϴøɾұ뽫ϴøɾ
ýһЩұýһЩ֪ΰ࣬
ὫϴɾҼջһλˮĹǰҼ
ԡ¶ȻǺɫģƣģҴȻǺɫģƣģ
ʹϴȻǺɫģƣġԽԽڣԽԽС
ήţ׵ǻһˣҡҲŸɿʻøױ
ԣҲŸɿʻôԱøһ¥µĹ
һǮ︸סûáʹ׵Ȼû
˿ļƣ縸ȥҶסף۽գ
ؽҧ䷢󣬱ǿɳ졣ɳɢȥ׽յ
۾λǵᡣҷһˮһˮ׵壬Ȼ
ڡ

뵽Ŀ־֮СͻȻɸԶøɾҹѳ
ɸ׵ļ⣬ɸ׵ĹǸ죬ɸ׵ࡢëѪܡ񾭡ѪҺ
ҹΪףǻҹɵĶҵĴϴ֮£׵ſʼ
ݣ첲ԽԽϸٻɢ룬̣λҡҡ䡣
ҲšҾţӦóƤĵطҿǻҹ
ӦóּĵطҿǻҹӦóĵطҿ
ҹӦóֹͷĵطҿĻǻҹҹҹҹԡ
ĸףһɢɢõǣù죻
ڣԡײѩףԡ׹ɵĺڰƬ㲢
˺ֻɫĵӡƬʱùϣţ˵л

ͣ£׳ȥֻʣĹǼܡҽױϣȻ
ԡҡҴԡ׸ոʧȥĻɰӡѡĩʯꡢۡ
ë̻ҡƤм㡢ꡢǡëϵʬ塭ҽ
СȻĨǽһºϸ׵塣ԽԽԽ
Խ࣬ԽԽǿ׳ͻȻ𣬷Żɫ۾ͺɫ촽ֵ
˵ˮûйԡҵͷҹûд򿪼κһ
ͷˮø׿־壬ˮɢڻһŸ
һʹһʧߣǣҾ˯һһҹεĺþ

ҹסǻþΪջᷢʵ
ΪѾΪƿţѲڡѩ׵Ĵϣֻʣһ
ʺ״ĹǼܵ

ȥѰҸףڣȥѰҸףڣȥѰҸ
ףڣȥҽԺѰҸףڡһҼС԰Χˡ
ҳȥһμס

ȥҼſڡ֮ңɢ߸տյ
Ȫˮƿ԰ľިΨµĵطһ϶֮ءһƬ̵
ƺһɫ֮䣬ɫʯǳɫɳӹɡ
򲻿Ӳֱ壬ûӦ϶ɳʯ֮ص״

ɫĳĸףһαø̣ɢ
ջߺԵĹԡһΨһһ뿪磬ȥȻһȺΧס
ʬָָ㡣ȥǲܡעеĻ
¯Ҹ𡣿ҼɻɰӲĩʯ껨
ë̻ҷƤмóȵȹɵ̥彫ԽԽӲ
һСһٸ

ˡˮϸ׵壬һΣΣΣΡһ
ɢΧ˵һ̯ʧȥ״Ļ࣬
ΪһɡҿһɡѺõڸͷ򿪣Ȼǵڶѣ
ѣѡɡɫӵ׵忪Ļ䡣
ûɡûСɡԶٺɫȼյĻ棬
ķ籩̧ͷ¥̨ϣһλһ˿ҵڴﾡ赸

ϴ֪һꡣһ£Щ˯
˷ѵˮõڹܽꡣΪⳡ꣬ʮꡣ
ʮ꣬׺ĸһҺοҺˡ


Ǭסססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ΪʲôῪһ

Դϡ

죬ʱһڴ쿪쿪һ
ΪһַȻ󣬳һЩý屨󲻶ϣ
ʹƻ桢ɽ髵ȣ˹ҡӡӣҼһЩ쿪ֲ
ﶼܳ쿪ʵһȻ󡣳
Ҫԭ

ﺵֲ֪ҶƬһ̼ˮӹͨҶƬеҶ
ն̼ˮֺϳǣֲ裬ͬʱҶƬ
ҲֲɢˮֵҪͨϵֲͨĽһұ
ܣ＾رɺˮȱ٣ˮֹӦ㣬Ӱ쵽ֲ
£ֲΪ˲ɢˮֶήҪڣ
ڽǰ轫ɢˮֵҶƬѵʱήҶƬһЩ
ֲٻһֽʣȻᣬһ
ֲＤأܴʹҶ㷺ֲڸߵֲУʹ
Ҷãʹѿ״̬һЩصķڣ
ʹֲߣֲ³´л״̬Ӷˮ֡
ģˮֲʧˮήֲӦ
Ȼ仯һֱܡ

溦ڹƣ溦ͨʳͲΣҶ
ƬɥʧϹܣֲ³´лʹֲﱻȽ
ڡ

ʹࡢ˹༰һЩӹ࣬巢УҪͨһ
ڣܴٽѿγɺͻһ̽׶Σͨ
׶εֵ´̼ʹáһЩֲ
οıر򡣵ֲﺵ򲡳溦ҶƬ
＾£ͽ˴ڡ＾±仯ϴ
нϴֲѾ˴ڣͻֶο＾
³ʱϳͻ᳤ңڹϾ

ǹũԸ⿴ġΪֲҶǰڸ֦ɻ۴
Ӫʣ귢ѿ裬＾ҽ
Ӫʣ˥ӰһҶѿγ
ڣҶѻֹͣѿֻ쿪󣬻꿪
ɼ

бף׿תһɺѾ㷺Ӧ
СйƷ࣬ʹƷСЩ༼˹
߻ѧҩȴʩʹҶƬǰ䣻͹¶ʹǰ
ڴﵽﵽһĴʱͨ¶ǰڡ
ͬһֹҪȳǰ¿Ӷʹں紺
ƷӣҡҡӵȡѵʱʹƷͬʱҲ㷺Ӧڻ
ΪĿƻܿʱ䣬ʢڲͬ￪Ļ
ͬһʱŭš


ŷѧ

Ф ë

ڷ롶ѧоڶƪĿͷʱһλthe 
yellow celandine, which welcomes the swallowֱǡӭӵ
ĽɫcelandineһӢֵ䶼celandineΪˣͳ
˫ʵ䡷ΪcelandineswallowwortͬʱָˣChelidonium 
majusСˣlesser celandineҽѧרҵʵ䡷Ϊ
˺ŷëݢȻЩֵ˵ͳһֻȥ꾡ά
ƣṩĴǣcelandineֲָ

1. Greater celandineChelidonium majus
2. Celandine-poppyStylophorum diphyllum
3. Lesser celandineRanunculus ficaria

飬Greater celandineǰˣڿư
Celandine-poppyǶҶڣڿƽLesser celandine
Сˣpilewortݡ21ʹӢʵ䡷ŷë
ݹݡͳ˫ʵ䡷ëݢëݢ

άٿ˵Greater celandineŷкأ1672
ֳߴࣨwartƤĲҩȫж
ӴƤף֭Һ

й湫˾ӢDK湫˾ġȻͼ顱
֮ҩֲ˵ˣGreater celandineŷޡǣ
ӲݣҶǳѣҰףɡλ򣬻ɫö꣬1.2ףг
ƸΡθԼ㣬ֲ֭Һͨüʴԣ
ࡢۺͽǮѢ

Ȼͼ顱֮ŷ޻ܡ˵˵Ļ410¡

ժ˾ġNorth American Wildlife˵
ֲChelidoniumŷֳߴģĻ֭Եҩˮ
Ҳࣨwartֽwartwort

ҩǵ䡷ҽѧԺ࣬Ϻѧ1986棩˵
ˣGreater celandineԡȻıݡػţ𻨡
˲ϳݡɽϡۻƲݡɽȣֲŨȻɫ
ҺҺк˼˼ȶθ񡢸ʹ
סƽȡ

ݡͳ˫ʵ䡷Celandine-poppyԭ

άٿ˵Lesser celandineRanunculus ficaria鼰ŷޡǣ
ݡţӢʵ䡷celandineһԴ
chelidoniaΪswallowӣ˵ֲӹʱ
ȥʱήУRanunculusΪlittle frogСܻ˵򽣩
ҲָǺܶcelandineֲﶼˮ߷ֵģܡLesser 
celandineԲο龥̣ʾĿ龥
pilehemorrhoidPilewort221տ
һ35£ʱʹ

ǰȻͼ顱֮Ұ˵Сˣlesser 
celandineëҶʣֲڵкŷޱпգҶΣҶԵ
ǳѣ24£812ݹ530ס

˳˵һ䣬С˻ǶҶڣƺûУ
ȴǹΪҰֲҵĹ۲죬ĿѮҶӷ
ƮȹС֭ҺƣȾϣòɫ201165գ
ָմŴ˵Ľ֭һͯǩδɫֻǱ
˰ơ

ѧоᵽcelandine
ʲôֲ

ѧоӢ̸۵Ķŷֲôcelandine
Celandine-poppyΪߵԭزŷޣ޹ء

Greater celandineLesser celandineȻͬһƣǵӢ
ȴʹԵ÷·ֵܣֻдСķֱѣǰ߸߿ɴһףߵĸ
Ƚмʮף⣬ǲŷޣҶҩüֵйء

ǰ˵Lesser celandineֻڴ쿪35£Greater 
celandineʱӽ죨410£ѧоеcelandineȻ
ĻôӦǴˣGreater celandineй˵İ
ˡ

ǣΪʲôҪѰ˽ˣְһûйϵ
ֲСأCambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary˵
Greater celandineLesser celandineƻŴֲѧҰ
ֲͬcelandineǰֱϡ󡱺͡Сʾ
𡣴⣬Lesser celandineʱҲдSmall Celandine

celandineʲô⣬ڿԽˣ̸̸ŷѧ
CelandineֲĹϵ

ᵽȻ˹ʫеֲҲ뵽ˮɣҲΪСд
ʫһգ½ʱд

½ıʽʫ˹һΪһС¶飺ֻҪ
ܹãǵĹ٣ֻҪܹãڹ潫һ
λãһ仨ҵģСˡõʫ
СˡThe Small CelandineTo the Small CelandineȻ
˹1803ڸ˹׶GrasmereʫаС˱Ϊ뻶Ц
֪Prophet of delight and mirthȻ˹дһסThe Lesser 
CelandineͬΪСˡڻȻ˹ϲСˣ
˹׶ʥ˹ά½ãchurch of Saint OswaldŻʫȥ֮
ڽڲļϵСˣźǣʦֲﲻ̫
УΪ̳ľȻǴˣʫ˵֪϶ˡ

άٿƣ˹C. S. Lewisڡϵͯġʨ
Ůסħ³УжJ. R. R. Tolkienġħ֮
˫У˹D.H. LawrenceڡˡУᵽ
celandineֲ 

⣬ͯաᵽɫģС
ˡbright celandine³ʱѡġɫͯһƪ
ͯ޴˹Prince Featherhead And The Princess 
Celandineڹе빫ĵSummer Islandsģ
CelandineӦΪˣΪС˵Ļڴ졣źǣ
ͯ1990ġɫͯУƪͯΪغӺ
ùĿĶ˵κιϵ

ġʥĸԺڶУҲᵽˣ

Anon it was a malingreuxa malingererpreparing with celandine 
and oxblood his jambe de Dieu or sore leg for the morrow.
ϵӰǣ棬һð֭ţѪϴ
Ҫõϵ۴֮ȡ񱾵ĳ¾ǣһ׼
ţͺţѪԱͿǡ͡ϡ¾ݵûᵽ
celandineԼʱ©˻߲ȡķĵױͬ

룬celandineӦָˣҲǲ֭ΪӢû
ᵽȻ֪˵ġֲ֭Һͨüʴԣ
ࡢۺͽǮѢȻͼ顱֮ҩֲ
Ҳ֪δףʰ˵÷󻼴(вҩ
ᡷ)ô˵ڡʥĸԺĹ·ʮͣô
ʱ򷨹˾Ѿ״˵ҩüֵˡ

һʣйΪʲôGreater celandineأ
ֲأ˵Ҷа׷ۣе
ϵˡأֿͨȣΪô˵ְָߵ˼
ôǧˣPurple loosestrifeеνأ
δ鵽

͡סססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

  ׿Ȫ

굤

ˮ֮

ڼθ飬ķ峺Ȫأһ̯Щƽ
ڵĲ֣ȫ¶͸ˮУںѵպ˫γ
쳣ǿҵķţϸˡ

ҵĸй٣˲Խ硣

ڳͷӯ鷿ѩ׵ĴȣȼһϮܡһг
һУͻԶѩɽۣɲĲ£
һֹҰԣλεش͸ҵѪ磬
˼ɫġ

ؿҰžˡӦûرܣ߸ɴ뿪ҵĽŲ
ǰľ͸ıڲݵϣҵĵȻꡣҶ
áҼŮԵ壬Ůϸڲİԡ
֪ΪͻȻѪţɫŮ˺Ů˵壬ԭ
ϢȫƲɵҺҵʼˮҲܷ
ñ֣һѡÿ춼ƣڱľ
һʵʵǶ䵱ڽ̡һ嶯͸л
ʱӦöԼθм

֪Ů˵

̱ҵҳθŴͣһδغ
ŸԭϡͼĺˮҲܸűܳܡ
ĳЩֻᱻǰľ󳹵磬ԲСģͻᷢҲƿص
ؽǺޣΨһĽޡ

ոԶ䡣Ⱥɽţǣְڻԭɢҵ
ԭؾϢһϰҡžͲӳȪС
·ʧԺֻŮȪϴԡԼˮָžͼϻ
Ҵ֮ǰǵӡ¾Ѿϴɹʯͷˡ
СһʯͷѻȪߣܼӲҲ֪ӺζȪվ˶ã
ѾվɷŹǡЩոϴ·ڸԭǿҵ£ʯͷ
¶ȣҪ˶þͻɾ¡ڲȪĵطҵĽǣ
ȪϴԼͬʱ˳ϴϵ

ǰķҵľͷԵеӣҵĴ룬û¶
ٴСֵı飬ڴѾʼϰߣֻǽ屾ܵˮС
ʵϣԲȪ󣬾򳡴Сվˮ峺׵ˮ
壬κܶ޴ڡҺСģʲôľٶǸо
ΣաĺܶණڹϵĴǺΣյġҺȷ
г嶯޶⣬ֻ¼ʱ䣬οѰ鴫ͳĻᣬ
ԼԽնʱ䡣Լ⣬ģ뻭ҵֺ
ʽǺ񲢲нǮõӦҲŹķ
þнһЩʼնڽ״̬

ǰߣǵƫԶũ񣬳ʳΡש衢
ͼķϴ·ۣǲʹ߰ĻѧƷģ񿵱
ũȻھܾʹũҩͻһǶΪȥˡķվ
ȪУϴϴͷʿԡ壬Ҳʼλ֡
ЩȫĶȪܣɼԹϹ޺
ϴҲԭǻʮҪЩ
֮õķһôѵ顣

ķԭԵòȻһЩɲ
޴룬ڲݵһοԡŮһζڱۿ
ëƬǷֻǰԼĵܡһĻͼ
ŵĴͳ£ԡ͵µһ
ľĵɡڱȨƺͽǮڱεᣬͶκڲ
ԼֶġԣҴ˵Ըڵ࣬Щ
ͱܣԭͰաԭʱûĹһж޾ֻ
Ҫû޶ģ˵˵λλ
ȻдڣԴ档ǿԭ̹̹û
ԺͰĽûѵ秵ĿķǣҲûʲô
˵ܱءνᣬȴʽ£
ھܵΣҲǿƼҵ

ķԽԽڣˮ׷ϷˮҵĴڡ
ԵøӿһЩҰڳ˵ƣ壬չ
ʾԼصĲ֡һšҵľЩ
ͬ塣֪ҵľ鲻ڿҵľͷʽȥθ
飬ʵϵķȻԼ֡У
ķˬӯЦ

ɫǻʹţͲȡůɫĴ̿ʼڴׯϿ
ۼŴҵȲҹ˾ڼǳ
3300׵ĸɽݳϡѾ޷֧ԽԽżҵ
ģһںҹ֮ǰͻȻȥͷҡҸе˾
Ӧñ۾ˡƺɽѿϺ
Ǳˮ׵ģҵѪҺŻĽŲҵ壬
ʼͣزһ̣ҶôԸˮУڻˮ֮£ˮ
ңϴңصĸ׻˻СסģҼš
Ŀ⣬ͬԽ硣

£Ĳԭƽһ޼ʡѩɽſ
ļžŴءţȺӵڻؼҵ·ϡǻӰ
ºĽ𶥣ϦµѣĿĹߣʹҸɬ˫ۡ

ڿԭţڼθȪھԡһ֮ңĵط
ЩԳЩɥʧǡý߿񱼣һ·кűкڲԭĸ
ӰЩǽӣĴׯ汲Ѿס˺ܶ
ֲ꣬˺ܶꡣθȪϵĴ˵һԴԶ
˵ڹȥʱĳͽһİڴ˻ԡ
Ҳ˵θȪʼͺͰйأڸüȥ
ЩȪĶͣ޲ǧ˿ƵĹϵ

еȪ˿ƼҸ塣ҵȪҲ
ҵoڽҲȫ̻ȪҲܱߴ𹱰͡
ȹȪṩһУҲṩһС
Щĵǣܻʱ䵽θϴԡÿǰ
ļθ׸ͺҹϰ߱ϵˡ
˺ɮڴ˹ԡ棬ȥ޷Ȫ׵
ȪЩǹľҹǦȾǷĳĳ
ڰ£һҡҷҲö֪£ֻ֪
£ֻ֪£ֻвԭ֪ڼθ;ֻ
һ޴⣬ҵĳкͳĹѵ޹ϵҵг̣
ЩеܣȻʱڴŵͼָ·ϾҶ


Ҳϵˮ֣Ȼɲ˲ԭˡֻǱЦ˻
˻ҹ¶ĳء

뿪ʱҼûκηһ˿ҵվȪߣ
ˮ飬ȥʹʥ࣬ӯˡո
ŪһӾŵԲԭϢϢַ
˴ңһθе˳ݺϢ

ҵľͷö׼ʱ䣬һֺӶᣬǶԹϴصĲ
⡣

ĴԭڸؾڣθȪжദ
ԡϴĸͺԼĵطҲǸԭճ
ֳɫ޹ء

ë

굤

ȥá

318뿪Žسǣ˹գ4718׵Ŀɽڣͽ
˴ԵĶ䡣ɽͻȻ滺ҹµĻѩɽ
ڻѩˮããҰţȺһƯ
ž֮ϡɽݵɫʺ͹Ӱͼ硣żԼ
ձɭֺͿɫݣ˸ѹ
ĦУûƬλߺѩ֮Ĳݵ飬ţ
Ĵͳ԰ѧΪǸɽ͸ɽݵ飬ǽ

·ڲݵĸѣܣͨһȥá
ʣѾ˵ݣһãëԭʵҲ
˵дԣҲǣӦñ
ͣҵĿˮ۹ࡣ

̫һǰعڸ߿գ¹ŴĹâȵҫÿһ
ÿһݡÿһֻţÿһׯÿһϪûΪ
Ӱ͵ı仯ʲôʲôضƽȵԡڹâ
ĶС֪ѾûмԶȴű֣ûмԶ
ĳξԱƬݵԶǱ겻Ŀǳܹ
Զ׷ಿǨ㼣߹պƶѩɽݵأ
иܣΪԤһ֮ءܣϪ
ţȺĵطͿԸ˵ľ񣬻һӿɿ· 

ɽǾɵģѩɽݵҲǾɵģţǹŴţľǹŴ
ľǸĴӣձʯݣĸ׺䤱
ĲվɽϷܶʼһһҹˮ
꣬ݻҲꡣѩɽЩƵĴ̣Դӱĸ׼̵˫
ֵȼδ¶ѼϣԶĻƻ裬
ͺƵζһ׼ʱ

һжǾɵġֻ·µģȴϵһж¡ɣܹ
ԶȫִƼĺôҪ¸·Ѿ
Ϊ籼βڲһкظıɨ·ǰ
ЩԽԽխĴͳռ䡣һ·ŶԵӰͱ仯
򡣶ֺͱȻӦмӦýֻֿʱ
Ȼû·߲ëԭ߲ôɵĵط
ҲͯȻĭػŵ֤ྫ
ԴͷҲͳʱͿռ䣬ʱûбң
Ϊ÷չĺＱ̬Ľǣ뿪ʱȻ

ʱ֣߽ҵƷﴦǸɽݵش
سѲ̫ԶڲݵĻԹ⣬
ɣ¯ʯˢѩףܹᦣǣַڷɡܶ
ݵţͬɽЩԴԴصĺɫȼϣۣ
ˮͰˮԹſڲ·ݣ˺ȸǣȫʧ
ȥ˶ԭľ裬ͷӬΪء

죬ɲ⣬ƣ͵ôֿɼ

׿꣬һƬưɣҾվɽϣһġÿһ
ëԭˣ˲Ϊʫˡԭһʺ˵ĵط
죬زԻƣ࣬ԲԡҲðٵĳƺţ
˵ֻǳһ׿ҥ浽˲ԭ

ǣ
ϵͷ˿ܣ
Ʈ޶˼ģ
رҵļҡ

ѩɽ⣬ȸ裬ݵһ޼ʣĴϪ衣û
·ԭ񾲣͸ĸԵһޱ޼ʡţ
ԲݵǴ˵ίԡ⾳˵ʫ
ңﾳµľؼһ򵥵ȥԭ
һھŵĲԭֳ׼ȷΪξΪʵݵ
տػĺëܹĸӴͳʱķ
ܾӣֻǺ۾Ĳ֣иܺ棬Ȼڴص
ڲȫ뿪ҵľ飬ֳȻ˺Ҹ

300ʱķΧůڵĻȾƳ⣬ص
˾Զʱĳ塣ţȼյζеǺˣںǽڹͷ
ţ⣬ľʡơѩ㡢ץͲ裬ʳķʢʹֲڣ
ȫбڳгľϸޡټΪйѾק
Ͷʱŭ;ţѧũҩǣһ
Ҵͽʵڿǻûʶ߰ĿƼ
ӲճɣҲ֧ҩһѭƽȵĹȺ
ụͶءԭн볦θʳа֮ӣ
Ĵ󵨵سԣصİĲͨý龪ʧȾʱʱ
ֲţǿʳøӵգҲÿɵĻѧƼ
ϴˣŽѩˮͺãŪġڻϣС
ӣһѡϻڲݵ̸˵ţͰڵ˷
ʳθûʲôɵĵġ

ҵڰӲǼʦѧԺǰص˺磬Сѧʦ
ԭڳɶҵ˹ϼҲ·̣ǲϰû
ƣߺȺӣܼػص˲ԭĵط˭
Ըء

Ҫسǿ۲ôǵı㳵һ·ϣ˵Ц
겻ͣ˵ë룬ݵϵţ󡢺̡ҰãѧУ
ķûˣСʱûмȥĸн
ɼָֻ̡˵˵ԭϲó̱
졣˵ڿλãһӣ
ҹǸԭͶĽԸȷϺ࣬
ȥĸʻ㣬Ҳ϶

·һЩϵҲ죬ȥְӯ
̫˵ͣ΢Цݽףżֹ
쵽سǵʱϸ˵ظ˺ܶΣס
ҽԺ۾ҪֱӰ͵ഺƶ¡軼аϣڸԭ
һֳܶ˶СֻһСţձ
һУɽߣ컹һڳͲԭæµòȥ
سǣÿζֱʩȥˡΰĸǣǰõĲ֣
ظ飬Ҳ˶Ů

ǵͰ˳ĵ·ҲһŴ
ĳʥ·ͨഺƶ¡ɽ¡ǿ
»ӹϵʥءֻǸʱûˮ·ҲӦ
ϡ

޷ͨ顣

ں4014ֺͷĵطũóгɫȺ
ƷĿҵ硢ðٻţӡƤëɽ
ʲôСزɽһͣ·ߣȴе˿ȥ
ƣմ͡ͲмҰһжһ˫͸
۾ձҹĥıʯɴ಻ܲ˺ڽֱ˯ʲ
ôĸѩЩŴ
ҩɽҵذڷˮƷĳǹԱЩմ
ҰǵˣҲùʡеķ͹ʱܶԸҰ

ʱոս죬ԭѾڵصĶ캮䣬Ӳţ⣬
ڿվ·ڵĵط㽻׺Ͱˡһֻֻ㣬Ҳӡ
˫й㣬ûж߾ȷսҲǰ˾Ųʮֹ
óʽһֻڱ֮ͨУǵĳѾʧ˽ꡣ
ţҲǼͥԱ֮һй̶źݣ˭ҲԼţ
ɱθÿ궬ɱţʱ򣬳Ǳ룬Եԭĺ䣬
Լҵĺͱ˼ҵĽûٽר׵ɱóݡס
ҩĻӣسһֻֻһȾƳܰġ

Щ׳Ұʮ㣬˦ųڴεĺӣϰ߳Ϊ
ͺӡسʼǵȣ˵ԼǸ
ᡣǸԭӢۣһֱڴ˵ͳȻԱԭ
ߣֵԴͷҲټûйϵҪһӢ
ʱ˻صϸҶ䡢͸ߴ
⺷ĿȺĸʣܻиֱ۵֤ݣ֮硱
ʵÿ81յٰһڣ˲ˡ
գԭΪ˼񹲽ˮʱ½ڶ裬ҵķ
ˮ𣬱ͳıݣ˹ڵ䡣һʢ
Ľգİ԰ϣǻϡ⺷
Ӱڽɳ³ɽܱɽԭȵأϵĿͺԽԽˣ
ָܶϲĦгһˣĦеԲݵ
Ȼˣ͵ĦȴˣëԭʱԿ
̶ͷձñ몵ǣĦڵ·Ұ񱼣ȥ
ʮֵΣաǰϿԼţ򣬶ĦУɷ
ࡣ

ḻĶֲԴɾẮȻԼʹԭС
ǸϲׯʵķװɫķΡڲҪ
ŮʢװϮˣŮЩӶķΣע
ҪĿŮǵĳͷСС裬òɫ˿ߴʻ
󣬷Ҵнαʯ̶ҷƺ԰ܣʯͺɺ
ͷжƽͭݻݻмǶһ˶
ŮӷʽĸӺͻȫİϲĿ
ַʽ˵ԴԸӡķҲǿŮӵȺ
ʲôطķʽһ¾ܱĻۼġķ
ʽȥ֯һŮǳ¡һװ磬һ
չʾغһͥ˥ͼƷλΪװԼ
˺ܶʱ䣬еĸŮҹŮĸ鱦
ƷǹʶĿһЩ洫ıʽк
ֵʮ򣬶ֵĿͬʱֳһȺ
ŮĸԵʥԡ˵ķװԼһЩɫװҲʺ
Ͷͳ;ϮҲţëɱӣú˿ӧͷ
֣ƺ̸ոϳͷΡ̵ͻͺһ䰮
Σ˻ƺԽԽĸֽˮи㶪ˡ 

ë룬ϲһײδд裬Ϊ١
ʫаΪɺףԭϵһУľëԭ
ֻ˰Űˣղû߽Ĳԭɺס
׸ʱ䱣һٴ׸͸δ
һľɡ顢ȱã

һ˫׺׵ĳ
ҪȥңԶĵط
ȥˣ
ֻһ

1706궬죬ʫ˺ʹ˫ݵĲδ룬
Ѻ;Уຣʧ١ߺѭµ
ҵ˲δתͯɣδ롣

ź缶ʫеûгϣ١ʧĵ
ƽߡһ͵ǡھӣ벢̫ԶΪԼɪ
˵ĽԷԽա¡ɶ༪ɽȻ޷
ִëԭ׵׼Զ

ഺƶسǵı࣬ڸߴسػ̿
ԶԶȥˮ෿ӡַӣʯͷӡľͷӡͷӣ
ʥߣ׷ڵءǾͳ飬ԭ͸񾴷
ϹϾͳǾɵģҲǾɵġȸɡ1580꣬
ɹŷ˰Ǻľ˾ʣϼδ뿪ӳֵĸ
³ຣ¡ĺӵһԺգǲش
֮һҲǿΰķľ˵
ܣԹŴ߽ľ޾η

ƶµĽģƣڽλεĲݵϣȽλεΪҫ
ξİƣڹȥġǻ۵ġԵģ
ĺΰܵĹߵĵסղصġ
10漰ڻƿ񣬸
ϡƷǿ԰Ŷ߲ݡͼݡ
ݽвι͡Ǽ򵥵ľáա
ʦͺͶ꣬ĺ;֪г
Բ顣Ĵڣԭ﷦ζǿϵľ
ĻģǴӳ𣬾ΪԲУӽߵ
꣬ĳڡڣ궼ʧ
ͼ⣬ؼҵ·Զرա

ԭϵǱǻ֪ԼԺηͬʱҲ֪Ҫ
ȥóǺͿ־ǧĹ⣬ڿ˵Դ
ʦ1200ǰغ뷨Ѿˡ쵽ת
ڸ߸ߵİǽͽɫķ·һĥ⸧ƽʯ·ϣ
һȫأȫȫ飬ѩɽԭȺ
ءˣҪģ֮⣬֮¶ݳ
֮ںѩɽ֮顢Ů֮ڸĸ븩أǵȺ
飬Ϊǻ˵ͼؿ˼ڤ룬Ҫؼңת·

ӡºӡɣӡӡӡɺӵ
ߵأֱ׳˽ɳýϡԭţ
ʳѩɽס飬ÿһطԵģסءɽסŲ
ʮŮФɽסźŮ񣬺ɽסŶķŮ񡭡ѩɽ
ݳʹׯϵһУֳ֮ǰѾ
滷飬߳ǲټįຮ鲻ٺڰ
ǿʼƣǹͻѣǵء

һ˾ĵطǶЩдˣ
ѩɽԭʥأɳʮ͵ߡˡšʮ
ͼͼزش̼ߵĻ𣩺ɹŹʦܲ𵤰
ȸɮʦľȵעҪڴϵһֱǼ
顣

ƶ¶źܶԻԭʯͷ󶼿й䡢䡢
ۡ񡢶ͼȣÿʯɫڴԽص
ʱ򣬰ǴӲͬĵط˵еķڻСеķţƤҡ
ķеͨĦСʲôʽʲôʱ
ӴصʲôطͲͬˡǲͨĺɽʲô
ɽʯͷǱƶһȺᶨԸڸߴ
ͷɽ䡢·ڡߡϡκοԵִĵط
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