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                   对《现代药物是怎么开发出来的》的一点更正

                           ·方舟子·

    “有时候,在临床试验过程中,一种药物被发现能够有效地治疗恶性疾病,
会提前中止临床试验而直接用于治疗病人。例如,第一种治疗艾滋病的新药AZT
的临床试验在只进行了106天之后,发现它能显著增加病人的存活率,美国食品
药品管理局立即提前中止了该临床试验,并在批准其上市之前允许它被用于治疗
4000多名艾滋病患者。”

    有一个网友来函对文中介绍的AZT临床试验时间提出了怀疑。此处的确有误。
上文“第一种治疗艾滋病的新药AZT 的临床试验在只进行了106天之后”一句应
改为“第一种治疗艾滋病的新药AZT在还在做II期临床试验时”。

    该例子依据的原文(见后)没有提到临床试验天数,在另一处有“Zidovudine 
was approved in 107 days”的说法,经仔细核对,天数(第107天,即106天后)
应该指的是批准时间,而非临床试验时间。之所以出现这个误读,是因为以前读
过颖河《认识药物》介绍的同一个例子提到临床试验只进行了106天,留下的印象
导致先入为主的误读。实际上整个临床试验进行了大约一年,到II期临床试验时
发现显著提高了艾滋病患者的存活率,即提前终止。

    特此更正。

In any trial in which a possible effect on survival is being assessed, 
it’s important to monitor results as they emerge. That way, if a major 
effect is seen—positive or negative—the trial can be stopped. This 
happened in the first clinical study of the AIDS drug zidovudine (AZT), 
when a clear survival advantage for patients receiving zidovudine was 
seen well before the trial was scheduled to end. The trial was then ended 
early, and within a week FDA authorized a protocol allowing more than 
4,000 patients to receive zidovudine before it was approved for marketing. 
...These are examples of the ethical principle that if a lifesaving or 
life-extending treatment for a disease does exist, patients cannot be denied.

(XYS20061216)

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