http://www.legalweekly.cn/content.jsp?id=166449&lm=%25E8%25A6%2581%25E9%2597%25BB《科学是什么》与《神创论是科学的理论吗》相同部分对比:
方 舟子:在逻辑上,它必须是:1)符合“奥卡姆剃刀”的原则,即必须是简明而非繁琐的,而不是包含一大堆假设和条件,为以后的失败留好了退路;2)本身是自 恰[洽]的,不能一会说先造动物再造人,一会又说先造人再造动物;3)可被否证的,不能在任何条件下都永远正确、不能有任何的修正;4)有清楚界定的应用 范畴,只在一定的条件、领域能适用,而不是对世间万事万物,无所不能,无所不包。
Root- Bernstein:There are four primary logical criteria for a theory. It must be (1.a) a simple unifying idea that postulates nothing unnecessary (“Ocam’s Razor”); (1.b) Logically consistent internally; (1.c) logically falsifiable (ie. cases must exist in which the theory could be imagined to be invalid); (1.d) clearly limited by explicitly stated boundary conditions so that it is clear whether or not any particular data are or are not relevant to the verification or falsification of the theory.